Jun 2, 2026

LAWS REGARDING PROPERTY

Passage: Exodus 22:1-15

Key verse: 14

NIV

chapter 22

1. "Whoever steals an ox or a sheep and slaughters it or sells it must pay back five head of cattle for the ox and four sheep for the sheep.

2. "If a thief is caught breaking in at night and is struck a fatal blow, the defender is not guilty of bloodshed;

3. but if it happens after sunrise, the defender is guilty of bloodshed. "Anyone who steals must certainly make restitution, but if they have nothing, they must be sold to pay for their theft.

4. If the stolen animal is found alive in their possession - whether ox or donkey or sheep - they must pay back double.

5. "If anyone grazes their livestock in a field or vineyard and lets them stray and they graze in someone else’s field, the offender must make restitution from the best of their own field or vineyard.

6. "If a fire breaks out and spreads into thornbushes so that it burns shocks of grain or standing grain or the whole field, the one who started the fire must make restitution.

7. "If anyone gives a neighbor silver or goods for safekeeping and they are stolen from the neighbor’s house, the thief, if caught, must pay back double.

8. But if the thief is not found, the owner of the house must appear before the judges, and they must determine whether the owner of the house has laid hands on the other person’s property.

9. In all cases of illegal possession of an ox, a donkey, a sheep, a garment, or any other lost property about which somebody says, ’This is mine,’ both parties are to bring their cases before the judges. The one whom the judges declare guilty must pay back double to the other.

10. "If anyone gives a donkey, an ox, a sheep or any other animal to their neighbor for safekeeping and it dies or is injured or is taken away while no one is looking,

11. the issue between them will be settled by the taking of an oath before the LORD that the neighbor did not lay hands on the other person’s property. The owner is to accept this, and no restitution is required.

12. But if the animal was stolen from the neighbor, restitution must be made to the owner.

13. If it was torn to pieces by a wild animal, the neighbor shall bring in the remains as evidence and shall not be required to pay for the torn animal.

14. "If anyone borrows an animal from their neighbor and it is injured or dies while the owner is not present, they must make restitution.

15. But if the owner is with the animal, the borrower will not have to pay. If the animal was hired, the money paid for the hire covers the loss.


Holy Bible, New International Version®, NIV® Copyright ©1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc.® Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide.
God taught his people to respect the property of others. Those coming out of a slave society had little respect for the property of others. These laws teach godly respect for the property of others. This expands on the eighth commandment, “You shall not steal” (20:15). Thieves must make restitution double or even four times the value of the stolen goods.
Restitution was required not just for thievery, but also for damage caused by carelessness. God wants his people to be responsible for their neighbors’ property just as they care for their own. The laws of restitution were not meant to punish the Israelites, but to train them to love their neighbors and learn how God values his people. God reveals himself to those who accept his laws and live in obedience to them.

Prayer: Lord, help me to live with proper respect for my neighbor, including their property. Teach me your love.

One Word: Respect and love your neighbor